Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do

A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.

Changes of the Cholinergic Innervation to the Hippocampus after Entorhinal Cortex Lesion in Rat / 대한해부학회지

The hippocampus is known as involved in learning and memory functions and the entorhinal cortex plays a crucial role as a gateway connecting the several areas and hippocampal formation. Entorhinal cortex lesions have been employed in numerous studies as the Alzheimer's disease model. The purpose of this study were to identify the CNS hip-pocampal and cholinergic pathway and to investigate the morphological changes of the hippocampal cholinergic inner-vations by using the Pseudorabies virus injection into the hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesions. The pseudorabies virus and double labelled neurons (ChAT and PRV) were distributed at several different nuclei including agranular insular cortex, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central amygdala, globus pallidus, lateral segment, lateral hypothalamic area, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, medial septal nucleus, mesencephalic reticular nucleus, periaqueductal gray matter and substantia innominata The morphological changes were observed in the hippocampal cholinergic innervation after entorhinal cortex lesions. These data suggested that the hippocampal cholinergic innervation showed morphological changes throughout the whole brain areas after entorhinal cortex lesion.

A Study on Central Neural Pathways of the Sciatic and Femoral Nerves of the Rat

The central neural pathways of the sciatic and femoral nerves of the rat were identified with tracing methods of fluorogold, cholera toxin-horseradish peroxidase and Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus as neurotracers. After injections of fluorogold and CT-HRP into the femoral and the sciatic nerves respectively, the spinal cords were removed and processed for fluroscent microscopy and histochemistry. Lower motor neurons were multipolar in shape and located in the ipsilateral L3-L5 and L5-S1 segments. The location of the femoral LMN's were ventromedial to those of the sciatic nerve. There was no double labeled neurons and the lower motor neurons of the femoral nerves were located in ventromedially to sciatic LMN in the spinal cord. After injections of fluorogold and PRV-Ba into the femoral and the sciatic nerves respectively, the fluorogold labeled neurons were identified only in the ventral horn of ipsilateral L3-L5 segments and PRV-Ba labeled cells in L5-S1 segments. Besides L5-S1 segments, some PRV-Ba labeled cells were found in the ipsilateral L3-L4 segments and a portion of them were double labeled with fluorogold and PRV-Ba. Sequential tracing of retrograde labeled cells was done after injection of PRV-Ba into the femoral and sciatic nerves. The upper motor neurons of both nerves were mostly ovoid or polygonal in shape and present in the same nuclei of supraspinal central nervous system. In conclusion, lower motor neurons of the femoral and the sciatic nerves were arranged in somatotopic organization and some of them were connected with synaptic route. But the central pathways of both nerves were similar in locations.